Kukho uhlobo lokutya, oluthatha ukutya okuqhelekileyo njengento ekrwada kwaye yahlukile kuhlobo lokutya okuqhelekileyo. Ikho ngokohlobo lomgubo, ulwelo, njalo njalo. Ngokufana nomgubo wobisi kunye nomgubo weproteni, inokutyiswa ngomlomo okanye ngeempumlo kwaye inokugaywa lula okanye ifunxeke ngaphandle kokwetyisa. Kubizwa ngokuba "ukutya kwefomula ngeenjongo zonyango ezikhethekileyo", oko kukuthi, ngoku sisebenzisa ukondleka kwe-enteral eklinikhi.
1. Yintoni isondlo somzimba?
Isondlo se-Enteral (EN) yimowudi yenkxaso yesondlo ebonelela ngezondlo ezahlukeneyo kumzimba ngokusebenzisa i-gastrointestinal tract ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ze-physiological and pathological body. Iingenelo zayo kukuba izondlo zifunxwa ngokuthe ngqo kwaye zisetyenziswe ngamathumbu, asebenza kakhulu ngokwasemzimbeni, alungele ukuphathwa, kunye neendleko eziphantsi. Kwakhona kunceda ukugcina ingqibelelo yesakhiwo se-mucosa yamathumbu kunye nomsebenzi womqobo.
2. Zeziphi iimeko ezifuna isondlo somzimba?
Zonke izigulane ezinezibonakaliso zenkxaso yesondlo kunye nokusebenza kunye nokufumaneka kwe-gastrointestinal tract inokufumana inkxaso yesondlo sokungena, kuquka i-dysphagia kunye ne-mastication; Ukungakwazi ukutya ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okanye i-coma; Ixesha elizinzile lezifo zokugaya ukutya, ezifana ne-fistula yesisu, i-bowel syndrome emfutshane, isifo sofuba kunye ne-pancreatitis; I-Hypercatabolic state, njengezigulane ezinosulelo olunzima, utyando, ukwenzakala kunye nokutshisa okukhulu. Kukho nezifo ezingapheliyo zokutya, ezifana nesifo sephepha, i-tumor, njl. Inkxaso yesondlo saphambi kotyando kunye nasemva kotyando; Unyango lwe-Adjuvant lwe-tumor chemotherapy kunye ne-radiotherapy; Inkxaso yesondlo sokutshisa kunye nokwenzakala; Ukungaphumeleli kwesibindi kunye nezintso; isifo senhliziyo; Isiphene sokuzalwa se-amino acid metabolism; Ukongezwa okanye utshintsho lwesondlo sabazali.
3. Luluphi ulwahlulo lwesondlo somzimba?
Kwisemina yokuqala ngesiseko sokuhlelwa kwamalungiselelo okutya okunesondlo, iSebe laseBeijing loMbutho wezoNyango waseTshayina licebise ukuhlelwa okufanelekileyo kwamalungiselelo okutya okunomzimba, kwaye kucetywayo ukwahlula amalungiselelo okutya okungaphakathi kwiintlobo ezintathu, ezizezi, uhlobo lwe-amino acid, uhlobo lweprotheni epheleleyo kunye nohlobo lwecandelo. I-amino acid matrix yi-monomer, kuquka i-amino acid okanye i-peptide emfutshane, i-glucose, i-fat, i-mineral kunye ne-vitamin umxube. Ifanelekile kwizigulana ezinokuphazamiseka kokutya kwesisu kunye nokusebenza kokufunxa, kodwa inencasa embi kwaye ifanelekile ukondla ngeempumlo. Lonke uhlobo lweprotheyini isebenzisa iprotheyini epheleleyo okanye iprotheni yasimahla njengomthombo wenitrogen. Ifanelekile kwizigulane ezinomsebenzi oqhelekileyo okanye osondeleyo oqhelekileyo wesisu. Inencasa entle, kwaye inokuthatyathwa ngomlomo okanye inikwe ngeempumlo. Uhlobo lwecandelo lubandakanya icandelo le-amino acid, icandelo le-peptide emfutshane, inxalenye yeprotheni epheleleyo, i-carbohydrate component, i-long chain triglyceride (LCT) icandelo, i-medium long chain triglyceride (MCT) inxalenye, i-vitamin component, njl., esetyenziswa kakhulu njengezongezelelo okanye i-fortifiers kwisondlo esilungelelanisiweyo sokungena.
4. Izigulana zikhetha njani isondlo sokungena?
Izigulana ze-Nephrotic ziye zanda ukusetyenziswa kweeprotheyini kwaye zithandeka kwibhalansi ye-nitrogen engalunganga, efuna iprotheni ephantsi kunye ne-amino acid ecebileyo amalungiselelo. Ukulungiswa kwesondlo sokungena sohlobo lwesifo sezintso kutyebile kwii-amino acids ezibalulekileyo, eziphantsi kwiprotheyini ephantsi, i-sodium ephantsi kunye ne-potassium, enokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo umthwalo kwizintso.
I-metabolism ye-amino acids enevumba elimnandi, i-tryptophan, i-methionine, njl. kwizigulana ezinokukhubazeka kwesibindi zivaliwe, i-branched chain amino acids iyancitshiswa, kwaye i-amino acids enuka kamnandi iyanda. Nangona kunjalo, i-branched chain amino acids i-metabolized yizihlunu, ezinganyusi umthwalo esibindini, kwaye zinokukhuphisana ne-amino acids enevumba elimnandi lokungena kumqobo wegazi lobuchopho, ukuphucula isibindi kunye nezifo zengqondo. Ngoko ke, i-branched chain amino acids inokuthi iphendule ngaphezu kwe-35% ~ 40% ye-amino acids iyonke kwiintlobo zezondlo zesibindi.
Emva kokutshisa okukhulu, ukushisa komzimba wesigulane kuphakama, amahomoni kunye nezinto ezivuthayo zikhutshwa ngobuninzi obukhulu, kwaye umzimba ukwimeko ephezulu ye-metabolism. Ngaphandle kwenxeba, amathumbu lelinye lamalungu aphambili ane-endogenous high metabolism. Ke ngoko, ukutya okutshisayo kufuneka kuqulathe iprotheyini ephezulu, amandla aphezulu kunye namafutha agaywa lula anolwelo oluncinci.
Amalungiselelo okutya okungaphakathi kwizigulane ezinezifo zemiphunga kufuneka abe nomxholo ophezulu we-carbohydrate, umxholo we-carbohydrate ephantsi, kunye nomxholo weprotheyini kuphela ukugcina izicubu ezinqabileyo kunye ne-anabolism, ukwenzela ukuba kuphuculwe umsebenzi wokuphefumula.
Ngenxa yempembelelo ye-chemotherapy, imeko yesondlo kunye nokusebenza komzimba kwezigulane ezineethumba ezinobungozi zihluphekile, kwaye izicubu ze-tumor zisebenzisa amanqatha amancinci. Ngoko ke, amalungiselelo okutya okunamafutha aphezulu, iiprotheyini eziphezulu, amandla aphezulu kunye ne-carbohydrate ephantsi kufuneka kukhethwe, apho i-glutamine, i-arginine, i-MTC kunye nezinye izondlo ze-immune zongezwa.
Iikhabhohayidrethi kumalungiselelo okutya kwizigulana ezinesifo seswekile kufuneka zibe yi-oligosaccharides okanye i-polysaccharides, kunye nefiber eyaneleyo yokutya, enceda ukucothisa isantya kunye nobungakanani bokunyuka kweswekile yegazi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-14-2022